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Operative procedures

Each page follows a consistent AO Surgery Reference structure — indications, contraindications, anatomy, patient positioning, approach, key surgical steps, closure, aftercare, complications, and supporting evidence — so the same architectural rigour applies whether the topic is a routine carpal tunnel release or a free-flap reconstruction.

Hand surgery

Operative care for the hand, wrist, and upper extremity — compression neuropathies, carpal fractures, tendon injuries, and arthritis of the thumb base.

  1. De Quervain release

    De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a stenosing tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment, the tunnel over the radial styloid through which the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons pass.

    Last reviewed

  2. Ganglion excision

    A ganglion is a mucin-filled cyst joined by a stalk to a joint capsule or tendon sheath; it is the commonest lump of the hand and wrist, accounting for 50 to 70 per cent of masses there.

    Last reviewed

  3. Limited fasciectomy

    Open partial excision of the diseased palmar and digital fascia for Dupuytren's contracture, performed under regional anaesthesia and tourniquet through a Bruner-zigzag incision.

    Last reviewed

  4. Open carpal tunnel release

    Open release of the transverse carpal ligament for symptomatic median-nerve compression at the wrist that has failed conservative measures.

    Last reviewed

  5. Percutaneous needle fasciotomy

    Office-based percutaneous division of the Dupuytren cord with a 25-gauge needle under intradermal-only local anaesthesia, indicated for palpable pretendinous-cord contracture in selected primary disease.

    Last reviewed

  6. Thumb-base joint replacement and trapeziectomy

    Thumb-base arthritis is wear of the saddle joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal.

    Last reviewed

  7. Trigger finger release

    Trigger finger is a mechanical mismatch between a flexor tendon and the thickened first annular pulley at the base of the digit, so that the tendon catches, clicks or locks as the finger bends.

    Last reviewed

Reconstructive & microsurgery

Reconstruction of soft-tissue and complex defects — orthoplastic lower-limb work, autologous breast reconstruction, and head-and-neck free flaps.

In preparation. The first pages in this category are being authored.

Skin cancer surgery

Surgical management of melanoma and high-risk non-melanoma skin cancer — diagnostic excision, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and reconstruction.

  1. Skin cancer excision and reconstruction

    Excising basal and squamous cell carcinoma under local anaesthetic: margins, closure by suture, flap, graft or secondary intention, and aftercare.

    Last reviewed